Pensamento crítico – O poder da lógica e da argumentação
Autores: Walter Carnielli e Richard Epstein Editora Rideel, São Paulo,2009
Este livro pretende funcionar como um guia prático da arte de pensar, convencer racionalmente e se defender da desonestidade intelectual. Pensar criticamente – ser capaz de reconhecer e formular bons argumentos e de se denfender contra os maus – é uma prática fundamental para o exercício pleno não só da argumentação nas ciências e na filosofia, mas da cidadania e da democracia. Os autores, Walter Carnielli, professor do Departamento de Filosofia do Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), e Richard L. Epstein, diretor do Advanced Reasoning Fórum no Novo México, Estados Unidos, também escreveram em conjunto a obra "Computabilidade, funções computáveis, lógica e os fundamentos da matemática", que em 2007 foi um dos ganhadores do Prêmio Jabuti, na categoria Ciência Exatas, Tecnologia e Informática.
Os dois livros são produtos do Projeto Temático “Consequência lógica e combinação de lógicas – Fundamentos e aplicações eficientes”, apoiado pela FAPESP e coordenado por Walter Carnielli. Um dos diferenciais deste livro consiste em abordar o pensamento crítico de maneira fundamentada, diferentemente de outras obras que tratam o tema, em geral, como retórica e técnica de argumentação, sem base sólida na lógica.
Leia aqui entrevista concedida à Agência FAPESP em 3/9/2009
Algebraic Foundations of Many-valued Reasoning (
(Trends in Logic)
by Roberto L. O. Cignoli, Itala M. L. D'Ottaviano and Daniele Mundici
This unique textbook states and proves all the major theorems of many-valued propositional logic and provides the reader with the most recent developments and trends, including applications to adaptive error-correcting binary search. The book is suitable for self-study, making the basic tools of many-valued logic accessible to students and scientists with a basic mathematical knowledge who are interested in the mathematical treatment of uncertain information. Stressing the interplay between algebra and logic, the book contains material never before published, such as a simple proof of the completeness theorem and of the equivalence between Chang's MV algebras and Abelian lattice-ordered groups with unit - a necessary prerequisite for the incorporation of a genuine addition operation into fuzzy logic. Readers interested in fuzzy control are provided with a rich deductive system in which one can define fuzzy partitions, just as Boolean partitions can be defined and computed in classical logic. Detailed bibliographic remarks at the end of each chapter and an extensive bibliography lead the reader on to further specialised topics.
Analysis and Synthesis of
Logics How to Cut and Paste Reasoning
Systems
Series: Applied Logic Series , Vol. 35
Carnielli, W., Coniglio, M., Gabbay, D.M., Gouveia, P., Sernadas,
C.
2008, XVI, 604 p., Hardcover
ISBN: 978-1-4020-6781-5
Starting with simple examples showing the relevance of cutting
and pasting logics, the monograph develops a mathematical
theory of combining and decomposing logics, ranging from propositional
and first-order based logics to higher-order based logics
as well as to non-truth functional logics. The theory covers
mechanisms for combining semantic structures and deductive
systems either of the same or different nature (for instance,
two Hilbert calculi or a Hilbert calculus and a tableau calculus).
The important issue of preservation of properties is extensively
addressed. For instance, sufficient conditions are provided
for a combined logic to be sound and complete when the original
component logics are known to be sound and complete.
The book brings the reader to the front line of current
research in the field by showing both recent achievements
and directions of future investigations (in particular, multiple
open problems). It also provides examples of potential applications
in emergent fields like security protocols, quantum computing,
networks and argumentation theory, besides discussing more
classical applications like software specification, knowledge
representation, computational linguistics and modular automated
reasoning.
This monograph will be of interest to researchers and graduate
students in mathematical logic, theory of computation and
philosophical logic with no previous knowledge of the subject
of combining and decomposing logics, but with a working knowledge
of first-order logic. The book will also be relevant for people
involved in research projects where logic is used as a tool
and the need for working with several logics at the same time
is mandatory (for instance, temporal, epistemic and probabilistic
logics).
Identity
in Physics A
Historical, Philosophical, and Formal Analysis
Steven French and Decio Krause
ISBN-10: 0199278245
ISBN-13: 978-0199278244
Drawing on philosophical accounts of identity and individuality,
as well as the histories of both classical and quantum physics,
this book explores two alternative metaphysical approaches
to quantum particles. It asks if quantum particles can be
regarded as individuals, just like books, tables, and people.
Taking the first approach, the book argues that if quantum
particles are regarded as individuals, then Leibniz’s
famous Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles is in fact
violated. Recent discussions of this conclusion are analysed
in detail and the costs involved in saving the Principle are
carefully considered. For the second approach, the book considers
recent work in non-standard logic and set theory to indicate
how we can make sense of the idea that objects can be non-individuals.
The concluding chapter suggests how these results might then
be extended to quantum field theory.
Modalities
and Multimodalities Series: Logic, Epistemology,
and the Unity of Science, Vol. 12
Walter Carnielli e Claudio Pizzi
2008, XIV, 306 p., Hardcover
ISBN: 978-1-4020-8589-5
This book is intended to provide a philosophically-and historically-based
introduction to modal logic, offering to every reader, even
those with little specific background, a conceptually clear
path through the labyrinth of contemporary modal logic. This
is done by emphasizing the notion of multimodality while delineating
the formal side of the semantics and proof theory behind the
topics in a smooth and gentle pace. The conceptual thread
which ties the book together passes through topics like the
development of modal logic from standard logic; the syntax
and semantics of normal modal ystems; the seminal ideas behind
completeness, incompleteness, canonicity and finite models;
the temporal logics, the logics of knowledge and belief; the
generalized syntactical and semantical treatment of multimodalities
and finally the pleasures and difficulties of quantified modal
logic.
Multimodality is the notion which stands behind the most
fertile investigations in modal logic, such as temporal logics,
epistemic logics, dynamic logics and so on. By focusing on
multimodal logic this book provides common ground for philosophers,
logicians, linguists, mathematicians and computer scientists.The
book is also designed to provide a repertoire of ideas and
techniques for students interested in progressive inquiry
in modal and multimodal logic. Each chapter is relatively
independent, complemented with exercises and followed by a
short bibliographical commentary intended for historically-minded
readers.
Computability:
Computable Functions, Logic, and the Foundations of Mathematics Richard L. Epstein and
Walter Carnielli
Advanced Reasoning Forum, 2008
3a. Edição - em formato capa dura e em formato
digital
Now in a new edition! - the classic presentation of the theory
of computable functions in the context of the foundations of
mathematics. Part I motivates the study of computability with
discussions and readings about the crisis in the foundations
of mathematics in the early 20th century, while presenting the
basic ideas of whole number, function, proof, and real number.
Part II starts with readings from Turing and Post leading to
the formal theory of recursive functions. Part III presents
sufficient formal logic to give a full development of Gödel’s
incompleteness theorems. Part IV considers the significance
of the technical work with a discussion of Church's Thesis and
readings on the foundations of mathematics. This new edition
contains the timeline “Computability and Undecidability”
as well as the essay “On mathematics”.
An
Introduction to Partially Ordered Structures and Sheaves Francisco Miraglia
Série Contemporary Logic Editora
Polimetrica, Monza, Itália, Ed. Walter Carnielli
O texto apresenta e dicute a fundamentação
da teoria dos feixes a partir de reticulados, enfatizando
a teoria dos feixes sobre espaços topológicos
e suas generalizações como por exemplo pré-feixes
sobre semi-reticulados e sobre álgebras de Heyting.
Espaços espectrais e L-conjuntos e suas relações
com quantificadores e conectivos e a leis básicas da
lógica são também discutidos.
A série Contemporary Logic tem como política
editorial a publicação de textos de alto nível
em língua inglesa nas áreas de Lógica,
Fundamentos da Matemática e Computação
e Filosofia das Ciências Formais, dando preferência
a autores latino-americanos e a obras que outras editoras
deixem de publicar por critérios estritamente econômicos.
Compromete-se também com uma política de preços
justos, inclusive por via eletrônica.
Computabilidade
Funções Computáveis Lógica e os
Fundamentos da Matemática Walter Carnielli e Richard L.
Epstein
O livro é um atualizado manual sobre
Lógica, Computabilidade e Funções Recursivas
e Fundamentos da Matemática, que oferece uma sólida
base filosófica para alunos de ensino superior nas
três áreas a que se propõe (Filosofia,
Matemática e Ciências da Computação)
enfatizando a interação entre a Filosofia e
essas ciências. É objetivo, didático e
traz grande quantidade de exercícios.
A presente edição é a versão
brasileira do original norte-americano pelos mesmos autores
publicado em 1989 e em segunda edição em 2000,
adotado por dezenas de universidades em todo o mundo, e que
tem tido uma recepção muito positiva pela crítica:
Uma das mais acessíveis e intuitivas introduções
à teoria da computabilidade. Notável pelos excertos
dos trabalhos de Hilbert e Gödel sobre a Filosofia da
Matemática e suas relações com a teoria
da computabilidade. John L. Casti.
Literatura recomendada aos alunos do curso de Filosofia da
Matemática. The London Philosophy Study Guide (Philosophy
Panel of the University of London)
Há anos venho adotando este livro em meu curso de
Computabilidade e Incompletude... Novamente agradeço-lhe
por ter escrito este maravilhoso livro. Jeremy Avigad, Departamento
de Filosofia, Carnegie Mellon University.